The Hungarian Royal Minister for the Interior has issued the 50.630/eln. VI. c. 1937. statutory instrument on 10^th June 1937, by which it ordered this work as supplementary training material for the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie.

A PRACTICAL MANUAL TO HUNGARIAN CRIMINAL LAW FOR THE HUNGARIAN ROYAL GENDARMERIE. Compiled and explained by: Dr. ÁGOST MISKOLCZY deputy royal attorney general, ZOLTÁN PINCZÉS Colonel of the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie BUDAPEST 1940.

Criminal acts under the law restricting public and economic presence of Jews. (1939: IV. t.-c.)

The strength of the nation is determined not only by its economic and military might but also by the intensity of its national and racial self-awareness. Thus was the process launched around the world, which, aiming to develop and reinforce the moral factors of the nations, endeavour to destroy and exclude from the life of the nation any damaging elements, which strive to obscure, neutralise or weaken national and racial self-awareness.

Today the recognition is spreading around the world that Jewry is a peculiar group of people, separate from all other peoples. In spite of its differences of provenance, its dispersement over a large area, it has lived for thousands of years in separation of all other peoples. United unto itself, self-reliant and yet international. The millennia-long separation of the Jews from the environment around them has resulted in their remaining alien within the body of the nation that tolerates them as guests, and if some of them show some attempts to assimilate, the entirety of Jewry will remain in its racial isolation. The Jews living in Hungary have only been able to assimilate in external features, but in their emotions, attitudes, morals, in its position taken in the face of the Hungarian national destiny, etc, they remain Jews, even though Jews have lived in Hungary for centuries, and even though the majority of Jews living here do not even speak a language other than Hungarian.

Jew feels more kinship towards Jew, than towards the other inhabitants of the country. The capital held primarily by Jew, has provided more efficient assistance to the Jewish businessman than to the Hungarian businessman, as a result of which the latter had to compete with his Jewish rival at more unfavourable conditions. This racial unity of Jewry, but especially their web of interests running through the country's economic life has resulted in that incomes and national wealth are disproportionately held by the Jewry. Through their wealth and peculiar characteristics the Jews now have control of the press, the theatre, Arts and literature, in other words the very things, which are the most significant in terms of influencing the public opinion of a country. The purposeful use of these has granted Jewry often deciding, although concealed influence in matters of state and social issues.

The separate race, morals of Jewry, and the resultant view of the world and behaviour, and its tenacious endeavour to influence the public opinion of the nations as dictated by Jewish interests, causes great disadvantages to the national societies, and, where the proportion of the Jewish population is great, it poses a grave threat. Therefore states, which express the thought of national community in all their institutions – such as Italy or Germany –, were forced to bar Jewry's exaggerated expansion by the means of legislation, moreover to completely bar Jewry from the life of the nation.

Hungary, in terms of the proportion of its Jewish population, is the third in Europe, it is natural therefore that it would have been impossible for her to remain unconcerned by the threats posed by Jewry. The Hungarian state took its first step to restrict Jewry with the 1938: XV. t.-c. This Act has established the proportion of representation of Jewry in public life at 20 per cent, four times their proportion within the nation. Jews, however, whilst the authorities were compiling numbers in this respect, offered false statements in order to counteract and escape the measures of the law. Thus the state was forced to implement regulations more stringent than those set down in Act 1933: XV. t.-c. Thus was the 1939: IV. t.-c. born.

The main regulations set down by the Act are the following:

1. It determines who is to be regarded as Jewish. Unlike the term Jewish, which denotes belonging to the Jewish people, Israelite denotes those who are Jews, but not all Jews are of the Israelite religious. There are Jews of Christian faith: those, who converted to Christianity, but under the law must be regarded as Jewish.

2. Within the definition of Jews, the Act determines two groups: a wider group, which is to fall under every regulation of the Act, and a narrower group, to which it offers some exemptions, in that certain aspects of the law are not applicable to them, and rules that certain less stringent regulations are to be applied to them. The latter includes primarily those Jews who have earned individual honours from the point of view of the Hungarian nation – eg. in the war, under revolutions or communism.

3. Jews cannot earn Hungarian citizenship through naturalisation, marriage or legalisation. Measures made so far to naturalise Jews may be reviewed.

4. The Act limits the participation of Jews in the legislative, in the areas of policing and local authority councils, and in the exercising of related political rights.

5. Jews cannot hold public office.

6. Jews may account for no more than 6 per cent of those admitted to the first year of a college or university, and they may account for no more than 12 per cent of those admitted to the department of economics at the universities of engineering and economics.

7. A maximum of 6 per cent of lawyers, engineers, doctors or actors may be Jewish, and a maximum of 15 per cent of journalists – including those under exemption – may be Jewish.

8. Jews may not participate in the intellectual or artistic direction of regular or non-regular printed press products (eg. dailies or weeklies), theatres or film companies.

9. Jews may not receive licences from authorities (eg. pharmacist's, publican's, tobacconist's, cinema manager's licences).

10. Jewish businesses may account for no more than 6 per cent of the value of a public procurement deal.

11. The proportion of Jews holding business permits and licences may not exceed 6 per cent in any community. Jews holding permits and licences at the time of the law taking effect will not be stripped of their permits and licences – unless extraordinary circumstances arise – but in communities where Jewish permit- and licence-holders exceed 6 per cent, Jews may not be issued with such permits and licences until their proportion drops below 6 per cent.

12. Jews may purchase agricultural or wooded land only at auctions, from private owners and only in possession of official permits.

13. Jewish officials and assistants and their revenues at private businesses (eg. industrial, commercial or agricultural businesses) may not exceed 15 per cent, including those exempted under point 2. (Foreign nationals may only be employed to fill vacant positions with a permit issued by the relevant Minister.)

14. Jews may not be members of the executive committee or officers of workers' clubs, workers' organisations or employment agencies.

15. Finally the Act provides authorisation to the Government to assist the emmigration of Jews from the country.

The Act orders the punishment of those who breach the above regulations. Relevant punitive measures are listed below: